Common Cat Health Issues: Prevention, Symptoms, and When to See a Vet

June 27, 2025

Early detection of health issues can significantly impact your cat's quality of life and treatment outcomes. Many common feline health problems develop gradually, making regular monitoring and preventive care essential. Understanding warning signs helps cat owners provide timely intervention and maintain their pet's wellbeing throughout their lives.

Urinary tract issues: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) affects cats of all ages but is particularly common in middle-aged, overweight cats. Symptoms include frequent urination attempts, blood in urine, crying while urinating, and urinating outside the litter box. Male cats face higher risks of urethral blockages, which constitute medical emergencies requiring immediate veterinary attention.

Dental disease: Over 70% of cats develop dental problems by age three, including gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth resorption. Signs include bad breath, difficulty eating, pawing at the mouth, and visible tartar buildup. Left untreated, dental disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and systemic infections affecting the heart and kidneys.

Obesity and diabetes: Approximately 60% of cats are overweight or obese, leading to increased risks of diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease. Diabetic cats show increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss despite increased appetite, and lethargy. Early intervention through diet and exercise can prevent or manage these conditions effectively.

Kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease affects up to 30% of senior cats and develops gradually over years. Early symptoms include increased water consumption, frequent urination, weight loss, and decreased appetite. Regular blood work helps detect kidney problems before symptoms become severe.

RSPCA Australia and the Australian Veterinary Association recommend annual health checks for adult cats and bi-annual examinations for senior cats over seven years. They emphasize the importance of preventive care, including vaccinations, parasite control, and dental maintenance to avoid common health issues.

Health Issue	Early Symptoms	Prevention	Urgency Level
Urinary Issues	Frequent attempts, blood in urine	Proper hydration, quality diet	High - especially blocked males
Dental Disease	Bad breath, difficulty eating	Regular brushing, dental treats	Moderate - schedule check-up
Obesity	Weight gain, reduced activity	Portion control, exercise	Moderate - lifestyle changes needed
Kidney Disease	Increased thirst, frequent urination	Regular vet checks, quality diet	High - early detection crucial
Diabetes	Excessive thirst, weight loss	Weight management, diet control	High - requires ongoing management

Parasite prevention: Regular flea, tick, and worm treatments protect against common parasites that can cause anemia, skin irritation, and intestinal problems. Indoor cats still need parasite prevention as fleas and worms can be brought inside on clothing and shoes.

Step-by-Step Guide: At-Home Health Monitoring

Weekly Health Checks:

Examine eyes for discharge, cloudiness, or redness
Check ears for odor, discharge, or excessive wax
Inspect teeth and gums for tartar, redness, or swelling
Feel for lumps or bumps while petting

Daily Observations:

Monitor eating and drinking habits
Note litter box usage and waste appearance
Watch for changes in activity level or behavior
Observe grooming habits and coat condition

Monthly Assessments:

Weigh your cat and record changes
Check for fleas by examining the base of the tail
Assess body condition score
Review any behavioral changes with family members

When to Call the Vet:

Any sudden behavior changes or lethargy
Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
Vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours
Loss of appetite for more than 24 hours

FAQs: Cat Health Issues

Q: How often should my cat see the veterinarian?

A: Adult cats need annual check-ups, while senior cats (7+ years) benefit from bi-annual visits. Cats with chronic conditions may need more frequent monitoring.

Q: What are the signs of a cat in pain?

A: Cats hide pain well, but signs include decreased activity, changes in eating habits, hiding, altered posture, reduced grooming, and changes in litter box usage.

Q: When is a cat considered senior?

A: Cats are generally considered senior at 7-8 years old, though individual cats age differently based on genetics, lifestyle, and overall health.

Q: Can indoor cats get parasites?

A: Yes, fleas and intestinal parasites can be brought inside on clothing, shoes, or other pets. Regular preventive treatments are still necessary.

Q: How do I know if my cat's weight is healthy?

A: You should be able to feel ribs easily, see a waist when viewed from above, and notice minimal abdominal fat. Your vet can assess body condition score accurately.